Page 1nnQuestion 1. 1.(TCO 1) Historians and political scientists are different because historians _____ and political scientists _____.  (Points : 2)nnare reluctant to generalize; look for generalizationsnnlook for generalizations; are reluctant to generalizenare more likely to look for comparisons; focus on differencesntend to focus on nature-based explanations; focus on nurture-based explanationsnQuestion 2. 2.(TCO 1) Which are both true for most political scientists? (Points : 2)nnThey think practically and seek accuracynnThey seek popularity and are skeptical of powernnThey offer single causes and think abstractlynThey are skeptical of power and offer long-term consequencesnnQuestion 3. 3.(TCO 1) When people base their views on beliefs that may not be based in reality, they are behaving _____. (Points : 2)nnirrationallynnrationallynnpoliticallynnlegitimatelynnQuestion 4. 4.(TCO 1) A political leader’s ability to command respect and exercise power is known as _____. (Points : 2)nnsovereigntynncorruptionnnauthoritynnlegitimacynnQuestion 5. 5.(TCO 1) Despite a disputed 2000 presidential election, once President George W. Bush took office, few people doubted his _____. (Points : 2)nncharismanncontrolnnlegitimacynnsovereigntynnQuestion 6. 6.(TCO 1) Relating concepts in a way that connects them in an empirical manner is the basis of _____ building.(Points : 2)nnscholarshipnntheorynnpowernnculturennQuestion 7. 7.(TCO 1) The term for measuring with numbers is _____. (Points : 2)nnquantifyingnnhypothesisnnqualifyingnnempiricalnnQuestion 8. 8.(TCO 4) What type of law—which was developed by medieval Catholic theologians—argues that observing nature reveals God’s will? (Points : 2)nnNatural lawnnDivine lawnnGod’s lawnnHigher lawnnQuestion 9. 9.(TCO 4) Which of the following issues is a civil concern? (Points : 2)nnExtortionnnTheftnnDivorcennTraffickingnnQuestion 10. 10.(TCO 4) Describe the significance of Marbury v. Madison. (Points : 2)nnThe ruling laid precedent for judicial review.nnThe ruling stated that the president is subject to the court’s decisions.nnThe ruling decreed that current administrations must honor the appointments of previous administrations.nnThe ruling claimed that federal taxes could not be levied on the states.nnQuestion 11. 11.(TCO 4) Who nominates and approves federal judges in the U.S. court system? (Points : 2)nnThe president and the SenatennThe Senate and the HousennThe president and Speaker of the HousennThe Senate and the Secretary of StatennQuestion 12. 12.(TCO 4) Which of the following was an argument against granting the U.S. Supreme Court the power of judicial review? (Points : 2)nnMany feared that such a power would give the court a double check and compromise its neutralitynnSome thought that such power would create untrustworthy judges.nnThe founders argued that judicial review would lead to undue indictments by the court.nnDrafters of the Constitution feared that few laws would ever be set in stone.nnQuestion 13. 13.(TCO 4) Examine the ideal role of American judges. (Points : 2)nnJudges should intervene frequently, interpreting the law according to their expertise and ensuring a fair trialnnJudges should act as umpires, passively watching the legal drama and ruling only on disputed points of procedure.nJudges should not intervene unless attorneys object, at which point they may either overrule or sustain the objection.nJudges should take an active role, questioning witnesses, eliciting evidence, and commenting on procedure.nnQuestion 14. 14.(TCO 4) Compare the Warren Court to those immediately succeeding it. (Points : 2)nnThe Warren Court was generally considered conservative, but subsequent courts were seen as more liberal.nnSubsequent courts were conservative, but not nearly as conservative as the Warren Court.nnSucceeding Courts failed to represent the conservative agenda of the Warren Court.nnWhile the Warren Court was rather progressive, subsequent courts were viewed as conservative.nnQuestion 15. 15.(TCO 5) Why do the responsibilities of legislative and executive powers often overlap? (Points : 2)nnSeparation of powers is rarely clear-cut.nnSeparation of powers is rare among industrialized nations.nnSeparation of powers is absolute.nnSeparation of powers grants obtuse levels of power to the executive branch.nnQuestion 16. 16.(TCO 5) In a parliamentary system, voters directly elect _____. (Points : 2)nnmembers of Parliament and the prime ministernnmembers of Parliament and the ministerial cabinetnnmembers of Parliament onlynnthe prime minister onlynnQuestion 17. 17.(TCO 5) Because of the separation of powers inherent in a presidential system, some scholars think that executive-legislative _____ is common in systems like that used in the United States. (Points : 2)nncooperationnnstagnationnndeadlocknninsolvencynnQuestion 18. 18.(TCO 5) The head of ministry is equivalent to the _____ in the United States. (Points : 2)nnchief of governmentnnhead of statendepartmental secretarynnpremiernnPage 2nnQuestion 1. 1.(TCO 5) The only political system that could guarantee the cooperation between the legislative and executive branches is _____. (Points : 2)nna monarchyna dictatorshipna democracynan oligarchynnQuestion 2. 2.(TCO 5) Describe how the election process in a parliamentary system slightly resembles presidential elections in the United States. (Points : 2)nnParty chiefs run as candidates for prime minister.nnCitizens vote directly for the each new prime minister.nnCitizens vote for a party member with the knowledge that the next prime minister will be the head of the largest party.nThe prime minister is appointed for a 4-year term and can be reappointed one timennQuestion 3. 3.(TCO 5) Explain which type of candidate parliamentary systems seek out to become ministers. (Points : 2)nnThose who have experience winning elections and serving on a parliamentary committeenNewcomers who can bring in a fresh perspective to the ministrynIndividuals who possess a great knowledge of the specific ministry’s areanThose who have political experience regardless of whether or not they have been elected in the pastnnQuestion 4. 4.(TCO 7) Describe how today’s conservatives use the term political economy. (Points : 2)nnConservatives use the term to try to get back to the pure market system advocated by Adam Smith.nConservatives understand the term within the context of Machiavelli’s The PrincennConservatives veer toward John Stuart Mill’s usage, which advocated utilitarianismnnConservatives take a neo-utilitarian approach, hoping to benefit the weakest members of societynnQuestion 5. 5.(TCO 7) Early 20th-century European governments subscribed to _____ doctrines, generally keeping their hands away from the economy.(Points : 2)nnclassic liberalnninflationarynnneoclassicalnnSmithiannnQuestion 6. 6.(TCO 7) Conservatives hold that Johnson’s Great Society was a waste of money, locking recipients into _____ and encouraging a subculture of drugs and crime. (Points : 2)nnentitlement benefitsnnperpetual subsidiesnnsocial safety netsnwelfare dependencynnQuestion 7. 7.(TCO 7) Differentiate between the rising costs of Medicare and Medicaid. (Points : 2)nnMedicare anticipates rising costs due to changing proportions of people over 65.nnMedicaid expects rising costs due to looming financial busts.nnMedicare plans to keep spending down by raising the eligibility age to 69.nnMedicaid hopes to beat rising costs by adjusting the poverty level.nnQuestion 8. 8.(TCO 7) Why are many politicians wary about limiting Social Security and Medicare expenses? (Points : 2)nnMany would be left without enough to support them.nnCaps to these programs would undermine the welfare state.nnIt can cost them votes.nnBoth are primary social safety nets.nnQuestion 9. 9.(TCO 7) Compare American and Canadian views on the size of government. (Points : 2)nnAmericans believe the government is too small, and Canadians feel that government intrudes on individual privacy.nAs citizens of similar nations located in North America, both Americans and Canadians feel that government is too large.nAmericans and Canadians generally agree that government should be larger, funding welfare programs such as Medicaid and food stampsnnMany Americans believe government is too large, and Canadians recognize that government has a pivotal role to play and accept higher taxesnnQuestion 10. 10.(TCO 7) Many conservative economists argue that some banks are _____, because they would topple the rest of the economy with them.(Points : 2)nninherently successfulnntoo big to failnndestined for profitnnpractically invinciblennQuestion 11. 11.(TCO 9) Rarely the work of small bands and conspirators alone, _____ are usually the result of system collapse, which permits small but well-organized groups (often military) to take over. (Points : 2)nnthe erosion of legitimacynnacts of genocidenndictatorshipsnncoups d’étatnnQuestion 12. 12.(TCO 9) Describe what can often happen in a changing society when, during times of prosperity, some people get rich faster than others.(Points : 2)nnJealousy is aroused.nnPoliticians pay more attention to poverty.nnThe very poor revolt.nnEconomists become confused.nnQuestion 13. 13.(TCO 9) Why might a period of prosperity bring about revolution? (Points : 2)nnWhen people move in and out of poverty, they have no hope for the future, and so see nothing to lose in rebelling.nWhen things improve for the wealthy, they start imagining an even better future. No longer content with their already luxurious lot, they want improvement faster than even a growing economy can deliver.nnWhen things improve for the poor, they realize just how bad they’ve had it and their anger is unleashed.nnWhen things improve for the poor, people start imagining a better future. No longer content with their lot, they want improvement faster than even a growing economy can deliver.nnQuestion 14. 14.(TCO 9) Some states engage in _____, despite officially denouncing terrorism. (Points : 2)nnsharing intelligence with nongovernmental militiasnn“state-sponsored terrorism”nntargeting specific groups for violencenndemocracynnQuestion 15. 15.(TCO 9) According to Hannah Arendt, the American struggle was indeed a revolution, perhaps history’s only complete revolution, _____.(Points : 2)nnbecause it alone ended with democratic institutions.nnbecause it became an example for other nations.nnbecause it managed to route what was then the great world power.nnbecause it alone ended with a new foundation of liberty instead of the tyranny that came after other revolutionsnnQuestion 16. 16.(TCO 9) The United States hesitated supporting the _____ revolutions because it feared they would fall under extremist influences. (Points : 2)nnCubannnArab SpringnnIraniannn“velvet”nnQuestion 17. 17.(TCO 9) Hannah Arendt pointed out that rage is the fuel of revolution, but what is now the greatest cause of rage?(Points : 2)nnThe low level of education in developing nationsnnThe enormous economic mismanagement in industrialized nationsnnThe extreme violence utilized by industrialized nations against developing nationsnThe massive corruption now found in developing landsnnPage 3nnQuestion 1. 1.nn(TCO 2) Identify and discuss the key differences between the presidential and parliamentary systems of government. Your answer should include a comparison of electoral processes which brings a party to power, how the executive and his/her cabinet are selected and the checks and balances the legislative branch uses in each system to control the executive branchnn2. (TCO 8) Traditionally, Political Parties perform six functions in the political process. Identify and explain any four of them. Then identify and explain one way interest groups and political parties differ.nn3.(TCO 6)nnIn essay form explain how entitlements are different from welfare. Then explain what constitutes a welfare payment and how much welfare accounts for in overall federal spending. Finally, how has Tax Expenditures enabled the US to avoid being labeled a European Welfare State?nn nn4. (TCO 3) Examine the Supreme Court. Explain how its members are selected, what consideration if any is given to race, gender or ideology in the selection process, what cases the court predominantly hears, and the difference between judicial activism and judicial restraint.