1. Which of the following is a characteristic of a street gang, as opposed to a drug gang?na. small structurennc. controlled competitionnb. loose leadershipnnd. narrow age rangen2. Which of the following may be an important indicator of satanic or cult activity?na. the Book of Shadowsnnc. painted rocksnb. booby trapsnnd. all of these choicesn3. What percentage of known offenders involved in hate crimes are White?na. 62 percentnnc. 93 percentnb. 45 percentnnd. 11 percentn4. A flash mob is an example ofna. gang behavior that is atypical because it involves a large portion of the gang at the same time.nb. swarming.nc. illegal gang activity.nd. all of these choices.n5. A special problem in investigating illegal activities of gangs is the multitude of suspects and thena. fact that most are juveniles.nb. unreliability or fear of witnesses.nc. fact that courts have not upheld gang statutes.nd. fact that gangs are interracial.n6. The three-pronged approach to address the gang problem uses a balance of which three strategies?na. intervention, motivation and suppressionnb. prevention, intervention and suppressionnc. intervention, transition and motivationnd. penetration, suppression and preventionn7. Which of the following is not an important type of record to keep in dealing with any gang problem?na. gang vehicle filenb. gang member pointer filenc. gang member illegal activities filend. gang member drug preferences filen8. Which of the following is one of the models used to explain the relationship between gangs and crime?na. enhancement modelnnb. aggravation modelnnc. criminal modelnd. professional modeln9. A gang’s graffiti can provide all of the following pieces of information about the gang except one. Which one does it not reveal?na. territorynnb. membersnnc. leadershipnd. arrest recordsn10. Which of the following is not a sign that a youth may be in a gang?na. admits to “hanging out” with kids in gangsnb. uses unusual hand signals to communicate with friendsnc. has been in trouble with policend. wears baggy jeans with underwear showingn11. OMGs have become a major distributor of ____________ in the United States.na. cracknnb. heroinnnc. marijuanannd. methamphetaminen12. Investigators dealing with youths they suspect may be engaging in cult-related activities should inquire into which of the following?na. the music the youths listened tonb. whether the youths dabbled in astrologync. whether the youths played with Ouija boards or tarot cardsnd. all of these choicesn13. One hypothesis to explain the relationship between gangs and crime is the facilitation model, which posits thatna. gang membership promotes drug involvement, which in turn facilitates violence.nb. gangs attract members who are already delinquent or criminally involved, and their antisocial behaviors facilitate their acceptance into the gang.nc. gangs attract those who are already delinquent or criminally involved, and membership further facilitates their preexisting antisocial behavior.nd. none of these choices.n14. What are the two most common defenses cited for gang members in court?na. self-defense and following the orders of gang leadershipnb. self-defense and being under the influence of alcohol/drugsnc. being under the influence of alcohol/drugs and racial discrimination on the part of the policend. following the orders of gang leadership and racial discrimination on the part of the policen15. The majority of hate crimes are based onna. social class.nnb. religion.nnc. race.nd. sexual orientation.n16. The Crips are associated withna. green and yellow shirts.nnb. blue or purple bandannas.nnc. red or green colors.nd. black and gold scarves or rags.n17. Which of the following is not a common purpose of graffiti as used by gangs?na. marking a gang’s turfnb. disrespecting a rival gang or gang membernc. sending a messagend. informing the general public that they existn18. Which of the following would not be one of the signs of a ritualistic homicide?na. missing body parts such as heart, genitals, left hand, tongue, index fingernb. urine or human or animal feces smeared on body or found in body cavitiesnc. wax drippings, oils, incense or ritual powders on the bodynd. missing clothingn19. Which group may be associated with mutilated animals, grave robbery and desecration of churches and human remains?na. motorcycle gangsnnb. stoner gangsnnc. MS-13nd. Aryan Brotherhoodn20. What was the decision in the U.S. Supreme Court’s 2003 case, Virginia v. Black?na. It upheld all hate crime legislation.nb. It upheld a Virginia law banning cross burning, saying the statute did not violate the First Amendment.nc. It struck down a Virginia law banning cross burning, saying the statute violated the First Amendment.nd. It ruled that any hate crime legislation would always be too “broad,” and thus unconstitutional.n21. One of the latest technological innovations to aid in the fight against gangs isna. TAGRS.nnb. Facebook.nnc. the LA-FI database.nd. NRM.n22. Which of the following is not one of the common reasons that people join gangs?na. the neighborhood they live innb. the amount of money they havenc. the fact that family and friends are also involved in gangsnd. parent-child relationship problemsn23. Which of the following statements is true?na. Members of the military possess specialized skills that pose a unique threat to law enforcement personnel.nb. Service members, as well as dependents and relatives, have been identified as gang members.nc. Gangs have been identified on international military installations.nd. All of these choices.n24. The Southern Poverty Law Center is ana. watchdog organization for bias and hate crimes.nb. law group that lobbies for hate crime legislation.nc. law group that lobbies to protect freedom of speech even for those who may be considered to have committed hate crimes.nd. an antipolice advocate.n25. Which of the following is not an example of a cult discussed in the text?na. Hare Krishnannb. NRMnnc. Branch Davidiansnd. 666