Relate why Botox injections are used to help prevent wrinkles to neuromuscular system

Aging case studynTarni is a 63-year-old retired lawyer. She now enjoys spending her free time in the garden when shenis not looking after her grandchildren. Being around young people more she has really noticed hernwrinkles. Being disheartened with aging she decides to get Botox.n1. Relate why Botox injections are used to help prevent wrinkles to neuromuscular system. (6nmarks)nOne sunny day several years later, Tarni falls when gardening. When Tarni was assessed atnhospital she complained of severe pain in her right arm. She also had bruises on her right shoulder,nright wrist, and lower back. Tarni had several x-rays to determine the extent of her injuries, and thenresult was that she have a fractured right humerus at the proximal diaphysis. As Tarni’s fracturenrepairs, new bone is added to the injury site in a process called ossification. In the final stage ofnbone repair, some of the osseous tissue must be broken down and removed, in the process of bonenresorption.n2. Using your knowledge of bone cells discuss the steps involved in ossification and resorption.nInclude a description of the components of both the organic and inorganic parts of the matricnand the physical properties they contribute to bone. (8 marks)nDiscuss the effect Tarni’s age and sex has on bone remodelling. (4 marks)nDuring treatment for the fractured humerus Tarni was also diagnosis as hypertensive and wasnprescribed medication to reduce her blood pressure. Several weeks later after Tarni forgot to takenher blood pressure medication, her wife found her slumped in a chair, quite confused and withnapparent paralysis in her right upper limb. When she spoke to her she was unable to produce anynclear speech. Tarni was able to understand very simple sentences, and her sight was not affected.nAn angiography (imaging of blood vessels) in the brain was ordered by the medical team, and anvascular occlusion (blockage) in his internal carotid artery was reported. Tarni has also noticed thatnsince this event she feels lightheaded and her blood pressure is lower than usual.n3. Based on the information mentioned above, and your knowledge around the brain structurenand blood supply, discuss THREE areas of the brain affected by the blockage of the internalncarotid artery. (6 marks)nDiscuss if the visual cortex has been affected by this blockage. Justify your answer. (3nmarks)nA few years later Tarni passed away, peacefully in her sleep. When a cell dies its plasmanmembrane becomes “leaky”; it becomes permeable to ions that were unable to freely cross thenmembrane during life. Thus, after death, calcium leaks across the sarcolemma of muscle fibers.nThis calcium leak causes rigor mortis, a temporary stiffness of the muscles after death.n4. Apply what you know about muscle contraction to explain the molecular basis of rigor mortis.n(8 marks)