First, identify each element of your PICO on the line below, then take a look at the templates below to help you formulate a PICO(T) question. P: Population/disease ( i.e. age, gender, ethnicity, with a certain disorder) P: ____________________________________________________________________ I: Intervention or Variable of Interest (exposure to a disease, risk behavior, prognostic factor) Note: Not every question will have an intervention (as in a meaning question – see below). I: ____________________________________________________________________ C: Comparison: (could be a placebo or “business as usual” as in no disease, absence of risk factor). Note: This is not used in a meaning question – see below. C: ____________________________________________________________________ O: Outcome: (risk of disease, accuracy of a diagnosis, rate of occurrence of adverse outcome) O: ____________________________________________________________________ T: Time: The time it takes to demonstrate an outcome (e.g. the time it takes for the intervention to achieve an outcome or how long participants are observed). This is an optional “add-on” for a PICO question. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ For PICO questions about a nursing intervention/therapy: In _______(P), what is the effect of _______(I) on ______(O) compared with _______(C) within ________ (T)? For PICO etiology questions: Are ____ (P) who have _______ (I) at ___ (increased/decreased) risk for/of_______ (O) compared with ______ (P) with/without ______ (C) over _____ (T)? For PICO questions involving prevention: For ________ (P) does the use of ______ (I) reduce the future risk of ________ (O) compared with _________ (C)? For PICO questions that predict: Does __________ (I) influence ________ (O) in patients who have _______ (P) over ______ (T)? For PICO questions that want to know more about the meaning of….. How do ________ (P) diagnosed with _______ (I) perceive ______ (O) during _____ (T)? INSTRUCTIONS Research article is a quantitative article, nursing focused, and is 5 years or less from current publication date. Please note: if you forget to upload your nursing quantitative research article, a 5 point penalty will be applied to your paper 5 – 4 points Introduction statement(s) present. PICO question with all elements present. Statement of importance with two facts such as costs, morbidity, mortality, safety. Include related statistics with citation and is 5 years or less from current publication date. 10 – 9 points Three facts clearly identified from quantitative nursing research article and is 5 years or less from current publication date. A least two of the facts include information from the Results and / or Discussion sections. Facts clearly tied to PICO question. Facts connected to your nursing practice. 10 – 9 points Definition of reliability offered with citation. Discussion of reliability clearly connected to data collection or measurement methods with examples from the student’s research article. Type of reliability is identified and named. Hint: This information is covered in Chapter 10. Use Table 10-1 in your textbook to identify the type of reliability of the measurement instrument / tool. 10 – 9 points