There isn’t ONE right way of writing the essays. I am precisely interested in how you each take the broad topic, and make it your own, provide it focus, and write an essay about it. For example, topic 1 on Freud and sexuality. There are a number of things you can do to discuss the importance of sexuality in Freud’s theory. You can discuss it within the context of psychosocial conflict (between drives and reality / social norms); you can discuss it within the context of the developmental stages; you can discuss it within the context of the Oedipus complex; you can discuss it within the context of pathology (perversions). Give it a focus and a shape that makes sense to YOU; I will mark the quality of the argument, the quality of the writing, the technical correctness of the presentation (references, etc.). Similarly, topic 2. You can discuss psychology as such or a particular theory as such in relation to the claim of ethnocentrism. You can argue that they are ethnocentric, or that they are not ethnocentric. You can argue that psychology needs to be Africanised; or you can argue against the idea of an African psychology. There are many options, and you don’t have to second guess me, trying to figure out what I ‘want’. I just want good, interesting essays. Remember, I am asking you to develop an argument. That is different from (1) merely expressing your opinion and (2) merely repeating other writers. So, you might want to say that psychology is universal and the idea of an African psychology is incoherent. That’s an argument you can develop, in your own words, using your own logic, but also stuff you have read. Merely stating it is an opinion. But if you back it up, with reason, with evidence, with arguments, then you’re doing the right thing. Another example: merely saying ‘I think Freud places too much focus on sexuality’ is merely an opinion. Merely saying ‘Jung (1921) says Freud places too much focus on sexuality’ is merely reporting literature. I need something more: you need to say: Freud claims X; however, it is clear that people are also Y and Z. This is supported also by Jung’s (1921) research…’ blah blah. You get the point? It’s your own argument, your own voice, but not simply an opinion. Finally, you may use any references / sources you want to. As long as they are relevant to your argument.