Aircraft Performance, Stability/Control, Compressibility

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nFactors that determine the take-off critical field length for a certain runaway. What decisions does a pilot in command take if the runway is too short for take-off?

nMeyer & Tarnai, (2015) noted that a wide range of factors determine a pilot take-off critical field length for a particular runaway. They include the wind velocity and direction, altitude, atmospheric pressure, temperature, thrust, total weight of the aircraft, and the surface and slope of the runaway. Pilots must always use their references such as Pilots Operating Handbook, especially on sections that highlight the Short Field Take-off (Meyer & Tarnai, 2015). In this regard, they gain knowledge on the procedures and settings to apply. In case after doing preliminary calculations, and establish that the runway is very short, the pilot should dump gasoline or eliminate the extra weight aiming to accomplish the requirements of a shorter runway that facilitate take-off. Based on the existing atmospheric conditions, it is important to wait until there is suitable moment to take off (Urbanek, 2013).

nCompare and contrast the longitudinal stability of a conventional aircraft in two conditions: forward CG and aft CG. Discuss the control forces and aircraft responses from trimmed condition if yo pulled back on the stick and let it go

nLongitudinal stability refers to steadiness of an aircraft on its lateral axis (FAA, 2009). Additionally, when the aircraft has an aft CG, it is often less stable although it demonstrates exemplary performance (Urbanek, 2013). Notably, when the aircraft is in aft CG, it is difficult to make progress from a stall. On the other hand, an aircraft in the forward CG has more stability albeit relative weak performance (Morshed, 2015). Moreover, a forward CG enables it to recover instantly from stalls. When an aircraft in an aft CG is pulled back will stay pitched up. Contrary in case is in a forward CG an aircraft is pulled back it will go back to the flight level (Meyer & Tarnai, 2015).

nCompare and contrast a supercritical wing with a laminar flow wing? Discuss modern aircraft that have utilized a laminar flow wings. What are the enhancements and drawbacks?

nThe supercritical wing is manufactured intended to interrupt the commencement of wave hindrance in the transonic velocity range. The wing is designed to have a flatter top service and the aft area has a high curvature (Urbanek, 2013). The purpose for this type of design is that it improves efficiency especially during the flights and establishes the effects further aft that facilitates reduction of drag. The laminar flow wings are built in such a way that there is uninterrupted or laminar flow over the wings to help eliminate any type of interruption in the boundary layer. The benefit of these wings is that they enable smooth movement of the laminar air because the drag is considerably reduced (Morshed, 2015).

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nMeyer, D., & Tarnai, G. (2015). Safety level of airside, pre-take-off objects and processes. Periodica Polytechnica. Transportation Engineering, 43(4), 184.

nMorshed, A. (2015). Impossible Heights: Skyscrapers, Flight, and the Master Builder. University of Minnesota Press.

nUrbanek, B. (2013). Safe take-off with runway analyses. Anchor Academic Publishing (aap_verlag).