Criminal Justice Organizational Trends

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nIntroduction

nThe criminal justice system has witnessed a wide range of transformations in the past few decades. In the course of these changes, the criminal justice system has benefited from multiple reforms aiming to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency. Due to many changes in its system, it has developed various strategies to improve competence and maximum utilization of resources. It is also aimed at correcting poor leadership and management (Byrne & Marx, 2011). The paper will compare the use of militarization, e-corporation, and privatization of criminal justice organizations with contemporary organizational structures, traditional and historical organizational behaviour theories, and explain how theories of motivation influence criminal justice organizations.

nThe main aim of any organization is to utilize its resources, and optimize its labour power in the best available way in order to achieve desired outcomes with maximum efficacy. After a long period of poor organizations, the criminal justice system has now embraced its thought practice and adapted privatization and commercialization. In addition, for a long time, the criminal justice system has failed to meet the needs of the community, such as improvement of justice (Jaffe, 2012). Moreover, the criminal justice system has faced challenges because of dishonest law enforcement officers, ineffective community polices, and failure of the officials to take individual responsibilities in case of failure. In this regard, governments have undertaken various measures aiming to deal with the problems in the criminal justice system. Precisely, governments have permitted privatized firms to lead the reform process. Consequently, there has been an increase in the number of private law execution agencies and companies. Research by Jaffe, (2012) has indicated that the number of private law execution experts and professionals have outnumbered their public servants counterparts. For instance, the ratio of public law enforcement officers to private officers is 1 to 3 (Jaffe, 2012).

nPrivatization is important in the criminal justice system because it has played a major part in reducing recidivism and cost. Government agencies have the capacity to enter into an agreement with privatized correctional agencies, policing organizations, and other types of criminal justice (Jaffe, 2012). The main aim of signing an agreement between the government and private sector is to improve efficiency in the management of resources as well as maximize utilization of available resources. For instance, the government has engaged with different private police agencies who conduct the CSI work. Furthermore, the private police are involved in background investigations, maintenance, accounting, communications and parking enforcement (Jaffe, 2012). More importantly, the government is privatizing most of the correctional facilities in order to facilitate effectiveness in the law enforcement. Similarly, within the correctional facilities, all its features are managed by the private organization that is signatory to the government contracts. Moreover, all the features of the correctional agency are outsourced to these private firms, including vocational trainings and maintenance (Jaffe, 2012).

nMilitarization is the utilization of force for the operational governing of a particular population. Additionally, the force is applied to resolve program issues as well as to manage individuals. Therefore, militarization demands the use of power by the police (Balko, 2013). The power is considered by community at cost since this practice of power disregards law mechanisms, democracy and human rights. In case the government was to use the militarization in the community, it would experience challenges such as agreeing to abuses of their civil rights. Similarly, the utilization of militarization in the field of criminal justice would lead to various negative effects. According to Balko, (2013), militarization is likely to weaken the equality of women. In addition, it has negative effects such as inability to protect the society from human rights abuses. Finally, militarization is not effective in the criminal justice system since it negatively affects the efficiency of the civil policing (Balko, 2013).

nMoreover, e-corporation refers to organizations that controlled and are accountable to the stakeholder. Additionally, these institutions are publicly or privately owned and are normally concerned with technologies. Significantly, the e-corporation has a unique part to play in the criminal justice systems (Byrne & Marx, 2011). In this respect, e-corporation is applied in the criminal justice through technologies. Criminal justice should attain maximum performance. For maximum performance, the computer technologies are required in the criminal justice system. Furthermore, the management must employ highly skilled technicians for a better outcome (Byrne & Marx, 2011). These organizations can be likened to firms that concentrate on software development.

nThe e-corporation can be utilized in the development of a system that can be used in safeguarding confidential information only accessible to the criminal law enforcement officers. When the government fails to use e-corporation law execution agencies, it would expose sensitive data from unauthorized people (Byrne & Marx, 2011). Furthermore, it would compromise the security of critical information gathered by law execution organizations establishing tensions in the entire system.

nCriminal Motivational theories involve multiple theories, including self-determination theory. The theory suggests that persons acquire intrinsic value by succeeding in their mission. When a criminal succeeds in the correctional efforts can be a source of great sense of achievement (Miner, 2015). Criminals are also self-motivated to accomplish the transformations. Most of the criminal justice experts have outstanding retirement strategies and a person can work hard aiming to accomplish intrinsic and extrinsic values. Besides, the Goal Setting theory can be used in the criminal justice system because it encourages people to be part of the group. It also motivates law enforcement officers in the criminal justice system to achieve their objectives in spite of the challenges of the task (Miner, 2015). Such strategies ensure that the law enforcement officers are more productive because they are more determined to deliver on their mandate.

nThe Two-Factor theory proposes that various aspects in the workplace that influence the job satisfaction levels of the employees. Similarly, distinct set of factors are responsible for job dissatisfaction (Miner, 2015). In the criminal justice system, workers should have an opportunity to progress in their job status within their department in order to promote their sense of job satisfaction. On the contrary, when this fails to occur in the criminal justice system, most of the employees became jaded or unmotivated. Allowing an opportunity to progress within a field of work, workers feel satisfied in accomplishing higher and better outcomes (Miner, 2015). Furthermore, job security is important among employees because it motivates them into topping in their departments.

nConclusion

nCriminal justice privatization is an important way of minimizing recidivism and promoting cost efficiency. It encompasses entering into contracts with private sectors for incarceration and policing as well as other factors of criminal justice. Militarization refers to the application of force for efficient governance of a population. On the other hand, the e-corporation is necessary in the criminal justice since ensures that computer technologies are used for maximum performance (Byrne & Marx, 2011). The management of the criminal justice system should understand the motivation theories. Managers should use these theories to develop positive inspiration for their employees in the criminal justice systems (Miner, 2015). In so doing, it facilitates better performance.

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nReferences

nBalko, R. (2013). Rise of the warrior cop: The militarization of America’s police forces. PublicAffairs.

nByrne, J., & Marx, G. (2011). Technological innovations in crime prevention and policing. A review of the research on implementation and impact. Journal of Police Studies, 20(3), 17-40.

nJaffe, R. (2012). Criminal dons and extralegal security privatization in downtown Kingston, Jamaica. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, 33(2), 184-197.

nMiner, J. B. (2015). Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge.