SINCE THE END OF THE CIVIL WAR AFRICAN AMERICANS HAVE BEEN ENGAGED IN A STRUGGLE TO BECOME AN INTEGRAL PART OF AMERICA. DOES “BLACK AMERICA” AS A SUB-CULTURAL NATION WITHIN AMERICA HAVE TO DIE IN ORDER FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS TO ACHIEVE TRUE FREEDOM? SOME SCHOLARS ASSERT THAT AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY HAVE BEEN INVOLVED IN A “PHILOSOPHICAL CIVIL WAR”. WHAT DOES THIS MEAN AND WHAT WERE THE POSITIONS OF BOOKER T. WASHINGTON AND W.E.B. DUBOIS IN THE DEBATE REGARDING STRATEGIES FOR FREEDOM? DURING THE ‘CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT’ OF THE FIFTIES AND SIXTIES BLACK STUDENTS ASSERTED A NEW CHALLENGE TO AMERICA – “BLACK POWER”. WHAT DID THIS MEAN? DESCRIBE THE SYSTEM OF “JIM CROW”. IDENTIFY AND DISCUSS THE FORCES AND CAUSES OF THE CREATION OF JIM CROW. HOW DO YOU RESPOND TO THE STATEMENT- “THE SYSTEM OF RACISM ENSLAVED ALL OF AMERICA”? WHAT DOES THIS STATEMENT MEAN? DOES IT HAVE ANY APPLICATION TO AMERICA’S EXPERIENCES IN RACIAL UNREST IN AMERICA’S RECENT HISTORY? IN YOUR CONCLUDING REMARKS REFLECT UPON ADVICE YOU WOULD GIVE TO AMERICA, BOTH BLACK AND WHITE, IN RESPONDING TO THE CHALLENGE OF ACHIEVING TRUE FREEDOM FOR ALL AMERICANS.